abstract：:Rheumatic complaints secondary to viral infections are usually brief, self-limited and nondestructive. They may accompany almost any type of viral illness, and the arthritic presentation is nonspecific. These manifestations are protean, ranging from arthralgia to vasculitis. Often the cause of the rheumatic complaint ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Siegel LB,Gall EP

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wide complex tachycardias are cardiac rhythm disorders with three or more consecutive beats, rates exceeding 100 beats per minute and a QRS duration of 120 msec (0.12 second) or greater. The width of the QRS complex should be verified in a number of leads, since the QRS complex often appears mistakenly narrower (i.e.,...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Janeira LF

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:So many topical antifungal agents have been introduced that it has become very difficult to select the proper agent for a given infection. Nonspecific agents have been available for many years, and they are still effective in many situations. These agents include Whitfield's ointment, Castellani paint, gentian violet,...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Diehl KB

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eczematous dermatitis is a common condition that can interfere with social function, sleep and employment. Its persistence and accompanying pruritus may be stressful and frustrating for patients. The most common and best characterized type of eczema, atopic dermatitis, appears to be increasing in incidence. Other comm...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Zug KA,McKay M

更新日期：1996-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Infertility is generally defined as the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected, adequately timed intercourse. Causes of infertility include ovulatory dysfunction, tubal factors, peritoneal factors and uterine factors, as well as male factors that are the sole or contributing causes of infertility in up to...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Trantham P

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Constipation is a common childhood condition, estimated to occur in 5 to 10 percent of children. In most cases, the cause is functional. However, constipation may occasionally indicate a significant organic disorder, which can usually be determined by a thorough history and physical examination. Constipation that is p...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Leung AK,Chan PY,Cho HY

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Breast milk is universally recommended as the preferred source of infant nutrition, in part because of its superior nutrient and immunologic properties. Successful breast feeding requires nursing on demand, prevention of sore nipples and convenient access to medical advice. For mothers relying on bottle feeding, cow's...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Spencer JP

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heart failure is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Because heart failure is difficult to diagnose accurately on the basis of the history and physical examination alone, It is vital that clinical evaluation such as echocardiography be used to confirm the diagnosis. In addition, it is important to i...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Mair FS

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Physicians can create their own personal formulary by rigorously selecting and regularly using one or two drugs for each clinical condition they commonly encounter. The primary and secondary medical literature provides the necessary information to create this formulary. Primary literature sources include peer-reviewed...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Chambliss ML

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The exposed and unprotected position of the auricle makes it susceptible to injuries. Because many of these injuries are initially managed in a primary care setting, family physicians should have an understanding of the management of auricular hematomas, lacerations, abrasions and thermal injuries. Auricular hematoma ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Lee D,Sperling N

更新日期：1996-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic testing may be applied in a variety of clinical situations, including preconception counseling, prenatal diagnosis and postnatal determination of genetic predisposition to disease. The family physician needs to become familiar with the full range of genetic testing possibilities in all phases of the human life...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Whittaker L

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus and subacute and acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus are associated with distinct cutaneous manifestations, and each disease has a particular clinical course and prognosis. Dermatomyositis, an immune-mediated disorder of unknown etiology that is often...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Ostezan LB,Callen JP

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because of the increasing popularity of recreational scuba diving, primary care physicians should be familiar with common diving injuries. One form of barotrauma, middle ear squeeze, is the most common diving injury. Other important diving injuries include inner ear barotrauma and pulmonary barotrauma. Arterial gas em...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Clenney TL,Lassen LF

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Risk factors for pulmonary embolism include immobilization, trauma and surgery, particularly for hip fracture. Patients may present with acute respiratory symptoms, including tachypnea, tachycardia and rales. Chest radiographs and clinical and laboratory findings alone cannot provide a firm diagnosis. A completely nor...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Bergus GR,Barloon TS,Kahn D

更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pharmacologic agents that attenuate the influence of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are known to reduce systemic arterial blood pressure through vasodilatory action and enhanced renal clearance of sodium and water. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are known to antagonize the renin-angiotensin-aldoste...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Weir MR

更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although laparoscopy has been available since the turn of the century, the technique did not become widely accepted for gastrointestinal surgery until it was used in cholecystectomy. Since then, various gastrointestinal operations have been performed using laparoscopic guidance. Laparoscopic operations must conform to...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Sackier JM

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Caring for the problem drinker in the perioperative period is a challenging task. If alcohol abuse is suspected, a careful assessment is indicated before surgery is performed. Both the CAGE and SMAST questionnaires are good screening tools for alcoholism. Preoperative evaluation of alcohol-dependent patients should in...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Chiang PP

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The results of recent clinical trials support a beneficial role for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in attenuating mortality from myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction. Large-scale...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Cody RJ

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rheumatoid arthritis is a connective tissue disorder of unknown etiology that can involve any synovial-lined joint in the body. The most frequently involved joints are the small joints of the hands and feet, the wrists, knees and elbows, and the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints. The radiographic hallmarks of ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Brown JH,Deluca SA

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening complication of psychopharmacologic drug therapy. The syndrome is produced most often by the concurrent use of two or more drugs that increase brainstem serotonin activity and is often unrecognized because of the varied and nonspecific nature of its symptomatology. ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Mills KC

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammatory breast cancer is a devastating disease with an extremely high rate of morbidity and mortality. Differentiating this disease from acute mastitis may be difficult on initial diagnosis. The expeditious diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory breast cancer has important ramifications for the patient's prognos...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Dahlbeck SW,Donnelly JF,Theriault RL

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute pancreatitis is a clinical syndrome characterized by midepigastric pain, nausea and vomiting. Numerous etiologies have been linked with this entity, principally alcoholism and biliary disease. Once the clinical suspicion of pancreatitis is confirmed, supportive therapy with intravenous hydration and close observ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Gupta PK,al-Kawas FH

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Photosensitivity reactions associated with the use of prescription or over-the-counter drugs may be classified as phototoxic (caused by potentiation of solar energy by a drug) or photoallergic (in which the combination of a photosensitizing agent and light evokes a true cell-mediated hypersensitivity response). A case...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Mammen L,Schmidt CP

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:"White coat" or "office" hypertension is often defined as the transient rise or elevation of blood pressure that occurs in the medical setting. Patients with these elevated readings have normal ambulatory pressures as determined by individual home blood pressure measurements or continuous 24-hour blood pressure monito...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Carek PJ,Carson DS,Cooke CE,Weart CW

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Apophyseal injuries, which are unique in the adolescent athlete, cause inflammation at the site of a major tendinous insertion onto a growing bony prominence. These injuries typically occur in active adolescents between the ages of eight and 15 years and usually present as periarticular pain associated with growth, sk...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Peck DM

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Flexible sigmoidoscopy is a procedure that is commonly used by primary care physicians for the evaluation of rectal disorders and for colorectal screening. Retroflexion of the endoscope improves views of the anorectum and rectal vault, which increases the diagnostic yield of sigmoidoscopy. We report three cases of rec...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Esber EJ,Yang P

更新日期：1995-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Manic episodes are characterized by the triad of unstable mood, pressured speech and increased motor activity. This type of episode is often due to bipolar disorder. Benzodiazepines and antipsychotic agents are generally used in the acute emergency management of mania. Lithium, carbamazepine or a valproate preparation...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Werder SF

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allergic rhinitis commonly manifests for the first time in childhood or adolescence with seasonal or perennial sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and pruritus of the nose, eyes and throat. The nasal mucosa are pale blue and boggy, with a clear discharge. Patients should be instructed to avoid breathing tobacco sm...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Noble SL,Forbes RC,Woodbridge HB

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The process of identifying and evaluating the common causes of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy changes as the pregnancy progresses to term. The most common identifiable causes of vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy include spontaneous abortion and ectopic pregnancy. Pelvic ultrasound and quantitative beta-human ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： McKennett M,Fullerton JT

更新日期：1995-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The Papanicolaou smear is a well-established component of preventive health protocols for women. The purpose of this screening tool is to detect precursor lesions of invasive cervical carcinoma; however, the natural progression of these lesions is unclear, and it currently is not possible to determine which of the man...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Shepherd JC,Fried RA

更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genital herpes affects over 30 million persons in the United States. Genital herpes has three distinct presenting syndromes, depending on the patient's immune status with regard to the herpes simplex virus. Current diagnostic strategy relies on clinical findings and the selective use of viral culture. Acyclovir is the...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Clark JL,Tatum NO,Noble SL

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a commonly performed procedure for the removal of symptomatic gallstones. Compared with open cholecystectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with less postoperative pain, earlier discharge from the hospital and a more rapid recovery. However, there are specific contraindicat...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Rappaport WD,Gordon P,Warneke JA,Neal D,Hunter GC

更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Delirium is characterized by a sudden deterioration in cognitive function and an inability to sustain attention. It is a medical emergency that occurs in more than 20 percent of hospitalized elderly patients. Misdiagnosis is common and contributes to high morbidity and mortality. Patients may present in hypoactive, hy...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Bross MH,Tatum NO

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence of syphilis is increasing, predominantly among urban heterosexuals. Early recognition is important in preventing progression of the disease and transmission of Treponema pallidum to the fetus. Untreated primary syphilis is characterized by intervals of active disease punctuated by periods of latency. Not...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Goens JL,Janniger CK,De Wolf K

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Concussion is the most common head injury in sports. The injury ranges from a simple "ding" to prolonged loss of consciousness with amnesia. Proper grading of the severity of the injury is necessary to establish a protocol for deciding when to allow an athlete to return to his or her sport. This approach to concussion...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Leblanc KE

更新日期：1994-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Virology has become an increasingly important field of medicine in the past decade. Many infectious diseases that were once of unknown etiology can now be linked to the specific viral pathogen. New methods for diagnosing and treating viral diseases are being developed. In addition, antiviral therapy or prophylaxis is ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Ryan ME,Leichter J

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chlamydial cervicitis has the potential for serious gynecologic complications, including pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility and ectopic pregnancy. In the pregnant patient, this infection is associated with premature rupture of membranes and increased fetal morbidity and mortality. In addition, infants infected b...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Majeroni BA

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Labor is induced if pregnancy must be completed before the onset of spontaneous labor, usually for reasons of maternal illness, fetal distress or, most commonly, prolonged pregnancy. Although various mechanical methods are available for labor induction, pharmacologic methods are more commonly used. Oxytocin is the sta...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Reilly KE

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common focal entrapment syndrome. Forceful repetitive activity and vibration may be important workplace risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome. Although systematic study has suggested that carpal tunnel syndrome is work-related, no clear "dose-response" curve has been found between ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Katz RT

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The birth of twins can be an exciting and challenging experience for a family. However, circumstances unique to the relationship between the twin and the family and the relationship between the twins themselves may exacerbate existing problems or create new ones. Parents are often overwhelmed by the amount of time and...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Williams RL,Medalie JH

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00